CT (computed tomography) scan: imaging anatomical information from a cross-sectional plane of the body image generated by a computer synthesis of x-ray transmission data obtained in many different direct given plane

Cystoscopy: inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of a lighted, tubular endoscope

Hematuria: blood in the urine; gross hematuria is sufficient blood in the urine to be visible, microhematuria is a minute amount of blood in the urine small enough to require microscopy or other methods of detection

Intravenous pyelogram: a radiograph of the renal pelvis and ureter following the injection of a contrast medium

Voided urine cytology: the examination of cells found in voided urine for diagnostic purposes (e.g., detect the presence of cancerous cells)